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The dialects of the Bengali language are part of the Eastern Indo-Aryan language group of the Indo-European language family. Borishali (Barisal region), Noakhali (Noakhali region), Rongpore (Rangpur Region), Khulna (Khulna region), Mymonshingh (Mymensingh region), Sylheti (Sylhet region) and Chittagonian (Chittagong region) are major spoken dialects in Bangladesh. Although these languages are mutually intelligible with neighboring dialects of Bengali, they lack mutual intelligibility with the Bengali language and sometimes would not be understood by a native speaker of Standard Bengali. Hence, some of these dialects are sometimes considered languages in their own right.〔"Orality and Literacy" by R. K. Agnihotri in "Language in South Asia" edited by B. B. Kachru, Y. Kachru, and S. N. Sridhar.〕 Bengali dialects can be thus classified along at least two dimensions: spoken vs. literary variations, and prestige vs. regional variations. ==Spoken and literary variants== More than other languages of South Asia, Bengali exhibits strong diglossia between the formal, written language and the vernacular, spoken language. Two styles of writing, involving somewhat different vocabularies and syntax, have emerged :〔Huq, Daniul, (Article on Chalita Bhasa ), Banglapedia〕〔Huq, Daniul, ( Article on Shadhu Bhasa ), Banglapedia〕 # ''Shadhubhasha'' (সাধুভাষা) is the written language with longer verb inflections and a more Sanskrit-derived (তৎসম ''tôtshôm'') vocabulary (সাধু ''shadhu'' = 'chaste' or 'sage'; ভাষা ''bhasha'' = 'language'). Songs such as India's national anthem ''Jana Gana Mana'' (by Rabindranath Tagore) and national song ''Vande Mātaram'' (by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay) were composed in Shadhubhasha, but its use is on the wane in modern writing. # ''Choltibhasha'' (চলতিভাষা ) or ''Cholitobhasha'' (চলিতভাষা), a written Bengali style that reflects a more colloquial idiom, is increasingly the standard for written Bengali (চলিত ''cholito'' = 'current' or 'running'). This form came into vogue towards the turn of the 19th century, in an orthography promoted in the writings of Peary Chand Mitra (''Alaler ghare dulal'', 1857),〔(Alaler Ghorer Dulal ) in 〕 Pramatha Chowdhury (''Sabujpatra'', 1914) and in the later writings of Rabindranath Tagore. It is modeled on the dialect spoken in the districts bordering the lower reaches of the Hooghly River, particularly the Shantipur region in Nadia district, West Bengal. This form of Bengali is sometimes called the "Nadia standard".〔Morshed, Abul Kalam Manjoor, (Article on Bengali dialects ), Banglapedia〕 Spoken Bengali exhibits far more variation than written Bengali. Formal spoken Bengali, including what is heard in news reports, speeches, announcements, and lectures, is modeled on Choltibhasha. This form of spoken Bengali stands alongside other spoken dialects, or ''Ancholik Bangla'' (আঞ্চলিক বাংলা) (i.e. 'regional Bengali'). The majority of Bengalis are able to communicate in more than one dialect — often, speakers are fluent in Choltibhasha, one or more Ancholik dialect, and one or more forms of ''Gramyo Bangla'' (গ্রাম্য বাংলা) (i.e. 'rural Bengali'), dialects specific to a village or town. To a non-Bengali, these dialects may sound or look vastly different, but the differences are mostly in phonology and vocabulary, and not so much a grammatical one, one exception is the addition of grammatical gender in some eastern dialects. Many dialects share features with the so-called ''Shadhu Bhasha'' or "pure language", which was the written standard until the 19th century. Comparison of Bengali dialects gives us an idea about archaic forms of the language as well. During standardization of Bengali in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the cultural elite were mostly from the regions of Kolkata, Hooghly, Howrah, North 24 Parganas and Nadia. What is accepted as the standard form today in both West Bengal and Bangladesh is based on the West-Central dialect. While the language has been standardized today through two centuries of education and media, variation is widespread, with many speakers familiar with or fluent in both their socio-geographical variety as well as the standard dialect used in the media. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bengali dialects」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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